There have been some changes in modern medicine that we cannot even imagine. It is an integral part of anthropological development. Today's medical industry has seen tremendous growth by incorporating new technologies and doing a lot of research through it. For example, blood transfusion and organ transplant surgery from one person to another can be done naturally.
The beginning of blood transfusion, in 1881, physician William Halsted rushed to help his sister Minnie find postpartum hemorrhage. He quickly took a needle and inserted it into his hands and took his blood and transferred it to his sister. After a few uncertain minutes, she began to recover. Holstead did not know how lucky they were. The reason his blood transfusion was successful was that he and his sister had the same blood type. For some time the process ended in failure, even among close relatives. It is noteworthy that blood types were not discovered during Holstein's time.
Many tests for blood transfusions were performed for several years thereafter, but all attempt results are failures. The researchers found that each attempt resulted in a variety of defects. Especially a person who has had a blood transfusion has had many problems such as excessive body pain, blood clots, and kidney damage, etc.
In 1901, Austrian physician Carl Landsteiner discovered blood groups, It is an important step in the success of human blood transfusions invention. He noticed that when different types of blood are mixed together, they form lumps. Blood cells stick together when antibodies attach to cells with other antigens.
In 1914, researchers discovered that the chemical sodium citrate stopped blood clotting by removing the calcium needed to cause blood clots. Citrated blood was stored for later use and could be donated to victims of the disease.
In 1916, American scientists discovered a more efficient anticoagulant called heparin. It works by inactivating the enzymes that activate blood clotting. This allowed excess blood to be saved by blood donors and donated to World War II veterans. That was the foundation for the coming of blood banks in the course of time.
Thus let us look at the basic information about how this blood transfusion method happens and which has evolved after many types of research, to know how the blood transfusions are currently being transmitted to a person.
Identify the Blood Donors: A person over the age of 18 and who is in good health to become a blood donor. The medical consultant at the blood bank will examine the donor's age, body weight and health and confirm that he is eligible to donate blood. Then the donor is thus confirmed to donate his blood.
Blood Collection and Testing: Blood collected from a donor is first safely packed. Then a portion of the blood is taken and tested to determine the type of blood. The blood is then tested to know if the virus infected. Blood tests are HIV, Malaria Parasite, Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus.
Components Separation: Collected blood is tested and then divided into several components after the test results are negative. That is, blood is divided into packed red cells(PRBC), plasma, platelets, and cryo. These components are packaged separately and stored in a highly refrigerated room.
Blood Transfusion to Patients: Blood samples are collected from patients and their type is cross matched with collected blood components of the same type. Patients are given the required blood components as per the doctor’s recommendation. These blood components are transfused according to the patient's needs. This meets the blood requirement of the patient. All these procedures are carried out in blood banks and in the hospital.
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